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Richard Mercer Dorson (1916–1981) was an American folklorist, author, professor, and director of the Folklore Institute at Indiana University. ==Biography== Dorson was born in New York City. He studied at the Phillips Exeter Academy from 1929 to 1933.〔(Guide to the Richard Dorson papers in the Lilly Library ). ''Indiana University''. URL accessed April 22, 2006.〕 He then went on to Harvard University where he earned his A.B., M.A., in history, and his Ph.D. degree in the History of American Civilization in 1942. He began teaching as an instructor of history at Harvard in 1943. He moved to Michigan State University in 1944 staying there until 1957 when he took a position at Indiana University as professor of history and folklore as well as that of chairman of the Committee on Folklore. He taught at Indiana until his death.〔 When the Indiana University Folklore Institute was established in 1963 Dorson became the first director, and in 1978 he became the first chairman of the Folklore Department.〔 Dorson has been called the "father of American folklore"〔Nichols, Amber M. (Richard M. Dorson ). ''Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum''. URL accessed April 21, 2006〕 and "the dominant force in the study of folklore".〔Michigan State University. (Michigan Heritage Awards 2003 ). ''Michigan Traditional Arts Program''. URL accessed April 21, 2006.〕 That study, according to Dorson, involved several roles; "polemicist, critic, field collector, library scholar".〔Dorson, p. vii〕 Dorson also wrote that "no subject of study in the United States today () is more misunderstood than folklore".〔Dorson, p. 1〕 Dorson contributed two terms to the study of folklore that have gained common currency. The first is "urban legend"; meaning a modern "story which never happened told for true".〔Straight Dope Science Advisory Board. (What's so urban about urban legends? ). ''Straight Dope''. URL accessed April 21, 2006.〕 Dorson also coined the word "fakelore" in a debate with author James Stevens.〔Dorson, p. 5〕 Dorson dismissed Stevens' book on Paul Bunyan, and the later work of Ben Botkin as fakelore, or "a synthetic product claiming to be authentic oral tradition but actually tailored for mass edification", which "misled and gulled the public".〔 Dorson's fieldwork touched upon African-American folklore in Michigan, folklore of the Upper Peninsula, other regional folklore in the United States, the folklore of Japan, and other topics. Among other academic recognitions, Dorson was awarded the Library of Congress award in History of American Civilization in 1946, and three Guggenheim Fellowships (1949, 1964, and 1971). In 2003, Minnesota State University awarded him their "Heritage Award" posthumously.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Dorson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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